Many surgical or non-surgical procedures have been described and used for the diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases. Mediastinoscopy is particularly in one of these methods, which are currently being implemented and developed by only thoracic surgeons. Surgeons, who perform more demanding operations during the specialist training, might not find an adequate basis in hospitals…
This is a gland that rests behind the breast bone (also called the sternum). It is different from the thyroid gland which lies in the neck. The thymus is associated with the immune system and helps fight infection and disease. It is active until puberty and then shrinks away so that only fatty tissue remains…
Iontophoresis uses a device that delivers low-level electrical currents while you’re submerged in water. The currents are often delivered to your hands, feet, or armpits to temporarily block your sweat glands. Iontophoresis is a process of transdermal drug delivery by the use of a voltage gradient on the skin. Molecules are transported across the stratum…
Botox is also a particularly effective treatment for focal hyperhidrosis. Botox injections use botulinum toxin to block the nerve signals responsible for sweating, stopping the sweat glands from producing too much sweat. People who sweat excessively often soak through their clothing or drip sweat. Regular antiperspirants don’t work well for those with this condition. Botox injections are a new treatment option for…
Introduction Recurrent pleural effusions (RPEs) are defined as pleural effusions that recur despite optimal therapy for the underlying etiology of the effusions and typically require multiple thoracenteses or a more definitive therapeutic modality to prevent a recurrence. Indwelling pleural catheters (IPCs) have emerged in the past decade as a very effective modality to treat and…
Malignant pleural effusion is a common complication of primary and metastatic pleural malignancies. It is usually managed by drainage and pleurodesis, but there is no consensus as to the best method of pleurodesis. Since tetracycline, talc slurry, iodopovidone, and bleomycin achieved comparable success rates in studies, the drug availability and cost are important factors in…
Tracheal surgery requires a highly specialized team of anesthesiologists, thoracic surgeons, and operative support staff. It remain a formidable challenge for surgeons due to the criticality connected to anatomical considerations, intraoperative airway management, technical complexity of reconstruction, and the potential postoperative morbidity and mortality. Interventional pulmonology treatments, such as mechanical dilatation, laser ablation and stenting…
A diameter ≤3 cm and an unenhanced CT value >20 Hu were independent factors of incorrect diagnosis of chest CT. VATS is a reliable approach for the surgical resection of thymic cysts. Local resection is adequate for simple thymic cysts. However, thymectomy is necessary when there is suspicion of a thymoma or multilocular thymic cyst,…
Surgical procedures on the trachea have only been undertaken within the past 50 years. Knowing the unique blood supply of the trachea and how to reduce tension on any anastomosis are key to a successful outcome. Tracheal conditions requiring surgery usually present with shortness of breath on exertion, and preoperative evaluation involves computed tomography and…
Bullous emphysema is defined as an expansion of the alveolar space with a diameter more than 1 cm and a wall thickness less than 1 mm. Surgical resection of bullous emphysema is indicated for patients with symptoms related to the compression of giant bullae (usually >30% of hemithorax) or related complications, including infection, rupture, or…
